UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Adopted and proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations (resolution 217 A III) on 10 December 1948.
Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas contempt and disregard for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts that have outraged the conscience of mankind, and whereas the advent of a world in which women and men enjoy freedom of speech, belief and freedom to live free from fear and of necessity has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common human being,
Considering it essential that human rights be protected by the rule of law, so that human beings are not compelled, as a last resort, to rebel against tyranny and oppression,
Considering it essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
Considering that the peoples of the United Nations have, in the Charter, reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women, and that they have resolved to promote social progress and better living conditions life in a wider freedom,
Considering that Member States have undertaken to promote, in cooperation with the United Nations, universal respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms and the observance of those rights and freedoms,
Considering that a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the highest importance for the full realization of this commitment,
Now therefore the General Assembly proclaims the present Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive to if, through teaching and education, to promote respect for these rights and freedoms, and, through the adoption of progressive measures of a national and international nature, to ensure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among peoples Member States themselves and among the peoples of the territories under their jurisdiction.
Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2
1. Everyone is entitled to enjoy the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or any other condition.
2. Nor will any distinction be made based on the political, legal or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it is an independent territory, under guardianship, without self-government, or subject to any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3
Every human being has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
Article 4
No one will be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Article 6
Every human being has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8
Every human being has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national courts for acts that violate the fundamental rights recognized by the constitution or by law.
Article 9
No one shall be arbitrarily arrested, detained or exiled.
Article 10
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11
1. Every human being accused of a criminal act has the right to be presumed innocent until his guilt has been proven in accordance with the law, in a public trial in which he has been assured of all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
2. No one may be held liable for any act or omission which, at the time, did not constitute an offense under national or international law. Nor will a stronger penalty be imposed than the one that, at the time of the commission, was applicable to the criminal act.
Article 12
No one will be subject to interference in his private life, his family, his home or his correspondence, nor to attacks on his honor and reputation. Every human being has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13
1. Every human being has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.
2. Every human being has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return there.
Article 14
1. Every human being who is a victim of persecution has the right to seek and enjoy asylum in other countries.
2. This right may not be invoked in the event of persecution legitimately motivated by crimes under common law or by acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 15
1. Every human being has the right to a nationality.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality or of the right to change his nationality.
Article 16
1. Men and women of full age, without any restriction due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and found a family. They enjoy equal rights in relation to the marriage, its duration and its dissolution.
2. The marriage will only be valid with the free and full consent of the spouses.
3. The family is the natural and fundamental nucleus of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17
1. Every human being has the right to own property, alone or in partnership with others.
2. No one will be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18
Every human being has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief and freedom to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice or worship in public or in private.
Article 19
Every human being has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one can be compelled to join an association.
Article 21
1. Every human being has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.
2. Every human being has an equal right of access to public service in his country.
3. The will of the people will be the basis of the government's authority; this will will be expressed in periodic and legitimate elections, by universal suffrage, by secret ballot or equivalent process that ensures freedom of vote.
Article 22
Every human being, as a member of society, has the right to social security, to the realization, through national effort, international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable to their dignity and freedom development of your personality.
Article 23
1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
2. Every human being, without distinction of any kind, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
3. Every human being who works has the right to fair and satisfactory remuneration that ensures him and his family an existence compatible with human dignity and to which, if necessary, other means of social protection will be added.
4. Every human being has the right to organize and join trade unions to protect his interests.
Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25
1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing, medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, illness, disability, widowhood, old age or other loss of livelihood in circumstances beyond your control.
2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, born in or out of wedlock, will enjoy the same social protection.
Article 26
1. Every human being has the right to education. Instruction will be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental grades. Elementary education will be mandatory. Technical-professional instruction will be accessible to all, as well as higher education, which is based on merit.
2. Instruction will be oriented towards the full development of the human personality and the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Education will promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and racial or religious groups and will aid the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
3. Parents have a prior right to choose the type of instruction that will be given to their children.
Article 27
1. Every human being has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific progress and its benefits.
2. Every human being has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29
1. Every human being has duties to the community in which the free and full development of his personality is possible.
2. In exercising his rights and freedoms, every human being shall be subject only to such limitations as may be determined by law, solely for the purpose of ensuring due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of satisfying the just requirements of morals, order and public health and the well-being of a democratic society.
3. These rights and freedoms may in no circumstances be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying that any State, group or person has the right to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
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